Main Stages Of Economical Development - 1211 Words

According to the Institute of Mecanical Engineers, if population still growing on the same rates, there will be more than nine billions of people until the end of century and the production of food will need to increase in three billion mouths to can feed all people. Knowing that 30% to 50% of all food produced is wasted, to solve or to minimize it is the first stage to combat hunger. Food waste is also a wastage of many other resources, such as water, energy and land, which need to be protected. However, food production is not a simple process and it follows a large number of steps that need to be developed and improved in order to achieve a greater use of all food produced. The IMechE (20013) suggests that there are three stages of†¦show more content†¦In developed countries, the infrastructure is not a problem and techniques of farming, storage and process food are efficient, but losses happen in market place and home steps. In these countries, people waste food because this appearance is not according to some marketing standards. Wastage is different according to country development and happens in different parts of the process to produce food. So, there are not only one solution to this problem, but some minor solutions that are associated with the many steps of production. In the field, meat production is a problem because it uses more resources than the crops production. Firstly, meat production consumes much more water if was compared with the crops consumption. For example, 1kg of beef spends almost 15000 litres of water to be produced, while a cabbage spends just 237 litres (IMechE, 2013). Secondly, plantations need smaller areas of land in comparison to the livestock .Thirdly, plants that are used to feed animals should be used to feed people (Godfray et al., 2010). To reduce meat consumption in a world diet could be a simple and efficient solution, because more people could be fed with the same resources of water and land. However, Godfray et al. (2010) claims that some plants that are used to feed animals could not be used to feed people and lands where these are planted are not appropriate to cultivate

Expansion Of Nato Essay Example For Students

Expansion Of Nato Essay NATO starts the year 2000 with the issue of concern. The European Allies defense capability, stabilization efforts in the Balkans, and relations with Russia are at the top of a highly charged agenda. In 1999 NATO accomplished many tasks, which were reviewed in the December 15th Washington Summit. They approved an updated Strategic Concept at the Washington Summit; admitted as new members the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland; contributed decisively, in particular through the conduct of their air campaign and the subsequent deployment of KFOR (NATO-led international peace force), to the international communitys objective of creating the basis for long-term peace and stability in Kosovo. What is NATO? NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington on April 4th, 1949, creating an alliance of 12 independent nations committed to each others defense. Four more European nations later acceded to the Treaty between 1952 and 1982. The now 19 members of NATO include Belgium, Canada, *Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, *Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, *Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States. (*Members since March 12, 1999) These countries commit themselves to maintaining and developing their defense capabilities, individually, and collectively, providing the basis for collective defense planning. The Treaty also provides the framework for consultation between the member countries whenever they feel that their national security is at risk. Over the past few years, Russia and Ukraine have developed special independent relationships with the Alliance. This enables them to pursue, in different ways, cooperative programs on a wide range of practical security-related issues of benefit to their countries and to Europe as a whole. Both countries are members of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC). NATO continues to attach importance to discussions and practical co-operation with Russia. Their aim remains to establish a strong, stable and enduring partnership within the framework of the NATO-Russia Founding Act. NATO encourages Russia to resume co-operation on the broad range of issues foreseen in the Founding Act and to engage actively in the EAPC and the Partnership for Peace. NATO also emphasizes that the further development of their co-operation depends on Russias respect for international norms and obligations. There are still concerns about the conflict in Chechnya. NATO condemns, in particular, Russian threats against unarmed civilians, such as those in Grozny. They also condemn terrorism in all its forms but believe that Russias pursuit of a purely military solution to the conflict is undermining its objectives. NATO urges Russia to exercise the fullest restraint, to refrain from the use of force against civilians and protect their human rights, to facilitate the provision of humanitarian aid to those in need, and to co-operate fully with international relief agencies and to ensure security for their operations. Keeping in mind the importance of regional stability and respect for the territorial integrity and sovereignty of neighboring states, they are concerned about the impact of the crisis of the entire Caucasus region and stress the need to avoid steps that would further undermine regional security. Should NATO be open to expansion? NATO has always had an open door policy to the membership of new countries into the Alliance. In fact, NATO encourages countries to apply for membership. At the Washington Summit, NATO Heads of State and Government approved a Membership Action Plan (MAP) to reinforce NATOs commitment to the openness of the Alliance. The report to date says that they are pleased that the MAP process has made an effective start and met with a positive response of the nine aspiring countries. Candidates have submitted annual national programs that enable the Alliance to provide them with direct advice, feedback, and assistance on their preparations for possible future membership. .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .postImageUrl , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:hover , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:visited , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:active { border:0!important; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:active , .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70316a27f27853881482e629cd91893f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is Jay Gatsby Tragic? EssayAt the Washington Summit the leaders of NATO took steps necessary to ensure that the Alliance will remain the bedrock of its collective defense, and continue to play a key role in the development of a secure and stable peace in the Euro-Atlantic area. As NATO enters the 21st century, they can confidently say that they are ready for the future.

Love Mumbo Jumbo Essays (829 words) - Sexual Fidelity,

Marlon Josephs Professor Ehtesham-Zadeh ENGL 1101: Composition Rhetoric 13 October 2018 The Right to Love Why do we assume women cheat due to loneliness and a desire for affection? Why do we surmise men cheat because of boredom and lust for intimacy? Half of the marriages, in America, end in divorce. (Francoeur 72) Statistically, the frequency of infidelity has risen fifty percent since 1970. If happy, contented people become unfaithful what drives us to do so? Most Americans believe infidelity occurs because of strained relationships and personal shortcomings. Society world, religions, and cultural institutions have maintained that humanity evolved in families. Scientifically, human beings are not at all monogamous. We know this intellectually, but on an emotional level, we seem to be hardwired for denial. Human nature's promiscuous past worsens struggles over monogamy, relationships, and family dynamics. Human nature cherishes love , sex , and affection but struggles with continuing commitment. Fantasizing about people other than our partner romantically and sexually is common. A consensual non-monogamous relationship is appropriate for some people. The two main criticisms toward non-monogamy are that the relationships do not work in practice and that non-monogamy will destroy relationships. We're going to overlook religious objections, since religion is mainly a matter of opinion and cannot be argued against readily. The argument that non-monogamy does not work in practice is put forth by monogamists who most likely do not understand how having multiple partners could work or are not interested in putting forth the effort to make it work. I believe this contention is based on confirmation bias. To truly determine whether non-monogamous relationships have a higher rate of failure than monogamous relationships we would need the ability to study these relationships properly. Unfortunately, the combination of researchers not understanding polyamory completely and polyamorists not wanting to expose themselves to scrutiny by the public makes it a challenge to run studies and get accurate results. The second argument that non-monogamy will destroy relationships is concerned with the concept of pair-bonding. Opponents to non-monogamy feel that having multiple relationships will make it difficult to maintain or achieve pair-bonding the strong connection between two people often found between mother and child or husband and wife. The fear is bonding partners will be more willing to leave their current relationship for another intimate relationship. (Ferrer) 56. In my opinion, this does not make sense when you consider how common this is in monogamy. Partners in a relationship commonly find another intimate connection and leave their original partner. Would it not be less likely to destroy relationships if the partner did not have to leave their current relationship to form a second relationship. We need to examine the foundation of a polyamorous lifestyle. That requires confronting the erroneous presumptions that relationships consisting of more than one partner involve one man and his harem of women. That is an understandable stereotype that's heavily ingrained in our society , because these types of dynamics have been encouraged by numerous religious groups and previous civilizations. Today's polyamory movement doesn't believe this notion. Some argue polyamory's rise is because of the feminist revolution: as women gained financial and social independence, they could choose their relationships. Today gender equality is a central value of the polyamorous community, and the makeup of connections is determined not by sexual desire but by individual preferences. Middle-class culture has changed drastically. People are not marrying anymore for survival . Dossie Easton, co-author of The Ethical Slut conveys people are not marrying anymore more for survival. 'Our kids won't starve if we get divorced. Today we have marriages and relationships for wildly different reasons than our ancestors did. We're doing it for emotional gratification.'' (Newitz 4) It has been shown that humans are neither strictly monogamous nor strictly non-monogamous; like many things in life, sexuality is a spectrum with some people at either extreme, but most people reside somewhere in the middle. The only constant is change. Society is changing, as is the way we form relationships. Inter-racial marriage and same-sex marriage have become relatively common and acceptable. These changes reflect how people prefer what is best suited for them, and their community rather than what society pressure them to do.

Battle of Stoke Field in the War of the Roses

Battle of Stoke Field in the War of the Roses Battle of Stoke Field: Conflict Date: The Battle of Stoke Field was fought on June 16, 1487, and was the last engagement of the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). Armies Commanders House of Lancaster King Henry VIIEarl of Oxford12,000 men House of York/Tudor John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln8,000 men Battle of Stoke Field - Background: Though Henry VII was crowned King of England in 1485, his and the Lancastrian hold on power remained somewhat tenuous as several Yorkist factions continued plot ways to regain the throne. The strongest male claimant from the Yorkist dynasty was the twelve-year old Edward, Earl of Warwick. Captured by Henry, Edward was kept confined at the Tower of London. Around this time, a priest named Richard Simmons (or Roger Simons) discovered a young boy named Lambert Simnel who bore a strong resemblance to Richard, Duke of York, son of King Edward IV, and the younger of the vanished Princes in the Tower. Battle of Stoke Field - Training an Impostor: Educating the boy in courtly manners, Simmons intended to present Simnel as Richard with the goal of having him crowned king. Moving forward, he soon changed his plans after hearing rumors that Edward had died during his imprisonment in the Tower. Spreading rumors that young Warwick had actually escaped from London, he planned to present Simnel as Edward. In doing so, he garnered support from several Yorkists including John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln. Though Lincoln had reconciled with Henry, he had a claim to the throne and had been designated the royal heir by Richard III before his death. Battle of Stoke Field - The Plan Evolves: Lincoln most likely knew that Simnel was an imposter, but the boy provided an opportunity to unseat Henry and exact revenge. Leaving the English court on March 19, 1487, Lincoln traveled to Mechelen where he met with his aunt, Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Supporting Lincolns plan, Margaret provided financial backing as well as around 1,500 German mercenaries led by the veteran commander Martin Schwartz. Joined by a number of Richard IIIs former supporters, including Lord Lovell, Lincoln sailed for Ireland with his troops. There he met Simmons who had earlier traveled to Ireland with Simnel. Presenting the boy to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Kildare, they were able to secure his backing as Yorkist sentiment in Ireland was strong. To bolster support, Simnel was crowned King Edward VI at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin on May 24, 1487. Working with Sir Thomas Fitzgerald, Lincoln was able to recruit around 4,500 lightly armed Irish mercenaries for his army. Aware of Lincolns activities and that Simnel was being advanced as Edward, Henry had the young boy taken from the Tower and publicly shown around London. Battle of Stoke Field -Â  The Yorkist Army Forms: Crossing to England, Lincolns forces landed at Furness, Lancashire on June 4. Met by several nobles led by Sir Thomas Broughton, the Yorkist army swelled to around 8,000 men. Marching hard, Lincoln covered 200 miles in fives days, with Lovell defeating a small royal force at Branham Moor on June 10. After largely evading Henrys northern army led by the Earl of Northumberland, Lincoln reached Doncaster. Here Lancastrian cavalry under Lord Scales fought a three-day delaying action through Sherwood Forest. Assembling his army at Kenilworth, Henry began moving against the rebels. Battle of Stoke Field - Battle is Joined: Learning that Lincoln had crossed the Trent, Henry began moving east towards Newark on June 15. Crossing the river, Lincoln encamped for the night on high ground near Stoke in a position that had the river on three sides. Early on June 16, the vanguard of Henrys army, led by the Earl of Oxford, arrived on the battlefield to find Lincolns army forming on the heights. In position by 9:00 AM, Oxford elected to open fire with his archers rather than wait for Henry to arrive with the rest of the army. Showering the Yorkists with arrows, Oxfords archers began to inflict heavy casualties on Lincolns lightly armored men. Faced with the choice of abandoning the high ground or continuing to lose men to the archers, Lincoln ordered his troops to charge forward with the goal of crushing Oxford before Henry reached the field. Striking Oxfords lines, the Yorkists had some early success but the tide began to turn as the better armor and weapons of the Lancastrians began to tell. Fighting for three hours, the battle was decided by a counterattack launched by Oxford. Shattering the Yorkist lines, many of Lincolns men fled with only Schwartzs mercenaries fighting until the end. In the fighting, Lincoln, Fitzgerald, Broughton, and Schwartz were killed while Lovell fled across the river and was never seen again. Battle of Stoke Field - Aftermath: The Battle of Stoke Field cost Henry around 3,000 killed and wounded while the Yorkists lost around 4,000. In addition, many surviving English and Irish Yorkist troops were captured and hung. Other captured Yorkists were given clemency and escaped with fines and attainders against their property. Among those captured after the battle was Simnel. Recognizing that the boy was a pawn in the Yorkist scheme, Henry pardoned Simnel and gave him a job in the royal kitchens. The Battle of Stoke Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses securing Henrys throne and the new Tudor dynasty. Selected Sources UK Battlefield Resources Centre: Battle of Stoke FieldTudor Place: Battle of StokeWars of the Roses: Battle of Stoke

Plot and Themes of J.R.R. Tolkiens Book The Hobbit

Plot and Themes of J.R.R. Tolkien's Book 'The Hobbit' The Hobbit: Or, There and Back Again was written by J.R.R. Tolkien as a childrens book and first published in Great Britain in 1937 by George Allen Unwin. It was published just before the outbreak of WWII in Europe, and the book acts as a prologue of sorts for the great trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. While it was originally conceived as a book for children, it has been accepted as a great work of literature in its own right. While The Hobbit was by no means the first fantasy novel, it was among the first to combine influences from multiple sources. Elements of the book draw from Norse mythology, classic fairy tales, Jewish literature, and the works of 19th century Victorian childrens authors such as George MacDonald (author The Princess and the Goblin, among others). The book also experiments with a variety of literary techniques including forms of epic poetry and song. Setting The novel takes place in the fictional land of Middle Earth, a complex fantasy world which Tolkien developed in detail. The book contains carefully drawn maps showing various parts of Middle Earth including the peaceful and fertile Shire, the Mines of Moria, the Lonely Mountain, and Mirkwood Forest. Each area of Middle Earth has its own history, characters, qualities, and significance. Main Characters The characters in The Hobbit include a wide range of fantasy creatures, most drawn from classical fairy tales and mythology. The hobbits themselves, however, are Tolkiens own creation. Small, home-loving people, hobbits are also called halflings. They are very similar to small human beings except for their very large feet. Some of the main characters in the book include: Bilbo Baggins, a quiet, unassuming Hobbit and the protagonist of the story.Gandalf, a wizard who initiates Bilbo’s journey with the dwarves. Gandalf causes Bilbo to set aside his reputation for cautious respectability and go on an adventure that will change the hobbit forever.Thorin Oakenshield, the leader of a group of 13 dwarves who wish to recover a treasure horde stolen by a dragon.Elrond, a wise leader of the elves.Gollum, a once-human creature who found and is governed by a great ring of power.Smaug, the dragon and antagonist of the story. Plot and Storyline The story of The Hobbit begins in the Shire, land of the hobbits. The Shire is similar to a pastoral English countryside, and the hobbits are represented as quiet, agricultural people who shun adventure and travel. Bilbo Baggins, the protagonist of the story, is surprised to find himself hosting a group of dwarves and the great wizard, Gandalf. The group has decided that now is the right time to journey to the Lonely Mountain, where they will retake the dwarves treasure from the dragon, Smaug. They have nominated Bilbo to join the expedition as their burglar. Though initially reluctant, Bilbo agrees to join the group, and they head off far from the Shire into the increasingly dangerous sections of Middle Earth. Along the journey, Bilbo and his company meet up with a wide range of creatures both beautiful and terrible. As he is tested, Bilbo discovers his own inner strength, loyalty, and cunning. Each chapter involves an interaction with a new set of characters and challenges: The group is captured by trolls and nearly eaten, but are saved when sunlight strikes the trolls and they are turned to stone.Gandalf leads the group to the Elven settlement of Rivendell where they meet the Elvish leader, Elrond.The group is caught by goblins and driven deep underground. Although Gandalf rescues them, Bilbo gets separated from the others as they flee the goblins. Lost in the goblin tunnels, he stumbles across a mysterious ring and then encounters Gollum, who engages him in a game of riddles. As a reward for solving all riddles Gollum will show him the path out of the tunnels, but if Bilbo fails, his life will be forfeit. With the help of the ring, which confers invisibility, Bilbo escapes and rejoins the dwarves, improving his reputation with them. The goblins and Wargs give chase, but the company is saved by eagles.The company enters the black forest of Mirkwood without Gandalf. In Mirkwood, Bilbo first saves the dwarves from giant spiders and then from the dungeons of the Wood-elves. Nearing the Lonely Mountain, the travelers are welcomed by the human inhabitants of Lake-town, who hope the dwarves will fulfill prophecies of Smaugs demise. The expedition travels to the Lonely Mountain and finds the secret door; Bilbo scouts the dragons lair, stealing a great cup and learning of a weakness in Smaugs armor. The enraged dragon, deducing that Lake-town has aided the intruder, sets out to destroy the town. A thrush has overheard Bilbos report of Smaugs vulnerability and reports it to Lake-town defender Bard. His arrow finds the chink and slays the dragon.When the dwarves take possession of the mountain, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, an heirloom of Thorins dynasty, and hides it away. The Wood-elves and Lake-men besiege the mountain and request compensation for their aid, reparations for Lake-towns destruction, and settlement of old claims on the treasure. Thorin refuses and, having summoned his kin from the Iron Hills, reinforces his position. Bilbo tries to ransom the Arkenstone to head off a war, but Thorin is intransigent. He banishes Bilbo, and battle seems inevitable.Gandalf reappears to warn all of an approaching army of goblins and Wargs. The dwarves, men, and elves band together, but only with the timely arrival of the eagles and Beorn do they win the climactic Battle of Five Armies. Thorin is fatally wounded and reconciles with Bilbo before he dies. Bilbo accepts only a small portion of his share of the treasure, having no want or need for more, but still returns home a very wealthy hobbit. Themes The Hobbit is a simple tale when compared to Tolkiens masterpiece  The Lord of the Rings. It does, however, contain several themes: It explores the process by which an untested individual develops the insight and skills to become a leader;It guides the reader to question the value of wealth as opposed to peace and contentment;It builds on Tolkiens personal experience in World War I to consider the question of whether victory, though desirable, is worth the price of war.

Capacity Planning and Financial Appraisal Essay

Capacity Planning and Financial Appraisal - Essay Example 3. The utilization of the workcentres is assumed to be 100%. This assumption ignores any machine downtime for various reasons such as breakdown, power failure, lack of materials or labour, and planned maintenance. (Vorne industries, 2008) However, the actual number of machines planned for procurement is higher than the calculated number by a substantial amount in the case of each type of workcentre. This has occurred partly due to rounding off of fractional requirements. Where the rounding off involved marginal increases, as in the case of Workcentres A and C, the rounding off has been carried over to the next higher figure. Because of this, there is enough in-built cushion in the calculated figure to take care of lower utilization. 4. Interference or waiting times have been assumed to be zero. Interference and waiting times can arise because of unbalanced line in which some of the machines have less capacity than others causing a pile up at these centres. Waiting times can also occur when disparate products are being scheduled one at a time, and the schedules fail to take care of piling of jobs at the same time at a workcentre, causing some of the parts/products to wait. In the present case, there is a continuous production of five different products with the same processing times. Although this could lead to scheduling problems because of changeover from one product to another, in this particular case, it is unlikely to happen because all products take the same time to process. Moreover, there is sufficient cushion available in the capacities due to rounding off, to take care of any waiting time. The financial viability of the new plant is to be checked using the IRR method. The Operations Director (OD) has set a criterion for selection of projects based on the IRR of the project. According to this criterion, projects having an IRR of more than 30% are to be

International Financing Reporting Standards Research Paper

International Financing Reporting Standards - Research Paper Example Although the US is yet to follow suit, there is a growing enthusiasm towards their adoption by the SEC. Such a move will concequently make it mandatory for the organizations to report using these standards. Currently, efforts are underway to implement the international financial reporting standards in the US accounting field. This is in appreciation of the importance of these standards in cushioning global firms in times of economic hardships. Adopting such standards will undoubtedly assist firms in reducing costs associated with financial reporting since the standards are globally acceptable. This will also enhance transparency in financial reporting as well as offer a standard comparison platform on performance. In addition, it will reduce the time taken by most multinational organizations in reporting their financials. Investors will also benefit from this development since information about performance of companies will be available to them in similar standards. This paper seeks to show how effects of globalization and increased market interdependence necessitate the need for all countries to have common reporting standards. In addition, the paper will outline the financial benefits associated with a common reporting standard in the context of international business. Reasons for the adoption of the IFRS by SEC Unification of the world reporting standards Poon (2012) observes that in 2010, the SEC took a stand on the adoption of the IFRS in the US. Citing the advantages of the use of the IFRS for the United States firms, the SEC decided to embark on a plan to ensure that all organizations in the United States adopt the IFRS. The unification of the reporting standards seeks to put the United States in the same accounting standards as the rest of the world. According to Erchinger& Melcher (2007), the world’s capital markets are likely to gain from the convergence of the world financial reporting standards. The quality applied while drafting these standa rds, their comprehensive nature, and the extent of their application are the main reasons why the world hopes to benefit from these standards (Erchinger& Melcher 2007). SEC in determined efforts to protect the interests of the United States investors sought to implement these standards amid stiff objections by some firms. The first attempts to reconcile the standards of the IFRS with America’s GAAPs in 2007, focused on changing the SEC’s policies so as to accommodate the adoption of the IFRS (Erchinger& Melcher, 2007). Preventing investors in economic crisis In the last decade, the American economy suffered one of the worst economic crises ever in its history. The financial sector being the worst hit sector of the economy showed the laxity of the various state agencies in implementing the policies of the country. Several financial organizations in the country were almost shut down while those that survived were faced by a myriad of problems. This crisis helped reveal a number of problems in the financial management in both the public and sector. These problems were closely